Dr Glen Richardson Delivers an Address on the Inspirational Bessie Colman

January 16, 2026

Good morning everyone. Last year my Dad turned 80. When we asked him if there was anything he’d like to do to celebrate, he said he wanted to tour the WW1 battlefields in France and Belgium.


So during the May half-term I went over there with my brother and our parents and we spent a week exploring Flanders and the Somme region, as I know many of you have done on school trips.


At the end of the week I dropped the others at Charles de Gaulle airport for their early morning flight home, and treated myself to a day of birdwatching near Calais before catching the ferry to Dover.


I spent a delightful day at the coast, enjoying turtle doves and nightingales and my first ever Marsh Warbler, which I was very excited about. Species number 626 on my life list, in case you are wondering.


I also stumbled across an information board that caught my eye. It was in French so I couldn’t entirely understand it, but it had pictures, and seemed to be about a pilot from the WW1 era.


What caught my eye was the fact that the pilot appeared to be black and female. A week of touring the battlefields and learning about the war had taught me that all pilots in those very early days of flight were white and male. I jotted down the name Bessie Colman in my notebook, and told myself that I would do some research when I got home. And I’m glad I did. Bessie Colman’s story is quite remarkable, and I’m grateful to Rev Child for the chance to share it with you now.

Her story is one of achieving a dream in the face of racist and sexist discrimination.


I hope that in our more enlightened times none of you will suffer similar discrimination, but there will almost certainly be situations where you are denied the chance to do what you want, possibly just because someone else gets chosen ahead of you.


You might not have got picked for the A team for tomorrow’s match, or get the role you want in the musical, or be selected to be a prefect, or get into the university of your choice. If that does happen to you, hopefully this story will encourage you not to give up.


To set the scene, the Wright brothers flew their famous first flight in the year 1903. Young Bessie Colman was 11 years old at that time, growing up in Texas, and like many young people of the day, she was captivated by the idea of flight, and dreamt of getting the chance to fly herself.


One of her brothers served with the army in WW1 and got to witness some of the first ever aerial combat action, taking place over his head as he dug and repaired trenches. When he returned home, he told his sister about these airborne daredevils, and she decided that was definitely what she wanted to do.


The trouble was that Colman was not only female and black, she was also of native American descent. In those days, any one of these things made it impossible to get a pilot’s licence in America. She was also poor, which was another significant barrier.


Colman was determined to fly planes, and while her race and gender made this impossible in America, she knew from what her brother told her that things were different in France.


However, getting the money to travel across the Atlantic, and pay for flying lessons when she got there, proved an almost insurmountable hurdle. Education and employment opportunities for black women were limited in those days. Colman left her home in Texas and joined her brother in Chicago, got qualified as a beautician and started to earn money as a manicurist.


She also knew there would be a language barrier in France. Unlike these days, she couldn’t rely on everyone speaking English, so she took French lessons in the evenings.


After 2 years, she had earned enough money, and learned enough French, to start her adventure. She sailed for France on 20th November 1920 and enrolled at a flight school near Calais. During her 10 months of training, she learnt the basics, and soon moved on to advanced aerobatics.


This was still in the early days of flight, when mechanical failure and crashes were all too common. One of Colman’s fellow students was killed before the completing the course, but Colman was undeterred and passed with flying colours. When she got her licence from the Federation Aeronautique Internationale, she became the first American of any race or gender to be awarded these credentials.


Once qualified, she embarked on a career as a stunt pilot, performing barrel rolls and loop the loops at airshows across Europe and America. She became something of a celebrity, flying under the name “Queen Bess, Daredevil Aviatrix”. She survived a crash in which she sustained a broken leg and ribs, but bounced back, and added parachute jumps to her shows, walking along the wing of a plane at 3000 feet before jumping off and landing safely in the arena.


While all her dreams were coming true, Colman was aware that she was something of a trailblazer for black women, and was determined not to forget her roots, or be taken advantage of.


In 1922 she signed a contract to be the star of a Hollywood movie, but shortly after filming started, she walked off the set, as her role reinforced all the negative stereotypes of black people at the time.


Colman also took a stand against various forms of racial discrimination. At many of the airshows she performed at, there had been separate entrances for black and white people, and in some cases black people were not permitted to attend at all. Colman refused to perform at any such venue, and forced organisers to change their policies.


One of her ambitions was to open a flight school specifically for African Americans, but sadly she didn’t live to see this happen as she died in a crash in 1926, while practising for an airshow in Florida.


She died young, aged 34, but she died doing what she loved. And while she may not have opened her flight school during her lifetime, she had succeeded in breaking barriers and inspired other women and black americans to follow in her footsteps. When in 1992, Mae Jamieson became the first African American women in space, she took with her a photo of Bessie Colman.


If Bessie Colman told her friends in Texas that she wanted to be a pilot, they would probably have laughed at her. That simply isn’t possible, they would have said. Don’t waste your time. You are a woman. You are black. You are poor. The chances of you getting to be a pilot are 1000000 to 1.


This morning’s reading is a Psalm written by King David when it seemed that the whole world was against him. His own son was trying to depose him and he called out to God for help.


“You Lord are a shield around me, and the one who lifts my head high…I will not fear though tens of thousands assail me on every side”.


It is words like these that give me strength when things aren’t going well and I feel like the world is against me. I don’t just imagine that I can just sit on my backside and wait for God sort everything out for me. But it gives me hope that if we can follow the example of someone like Bessie Colman, explore every possible avenue, work hard and never give up, there is no reason why we can’t achieve our dreams.


By Eleanor Lewis June 12, 2026
On Thursday 11 June, Lower 3 immersed themselves in their India Case Study with a vibrant, fun-filled hands‑on celebration of culture. Throughout the afternoon, they explored Bollywood dance, experimented with colourful Indian art, and learned about traditional clothing and adornments. The finale to their afternoon was a joyful performance wearing saris, bindis, ghungroo bells and other cultural accessories, bringing their Geography learning to life with energy and creativity.
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Good morning everyone. Do please sit down. And a very warm welcome to all of the new L4 pupils joining us this morning for their first cathedral assembly. So, the world cup started last night. Could I have a quick show of hands. Who watched the first match - Mexico v South Africa? A better test of world cup fever is - Who watched the second match? South Korea v Czech Republic at 3AM? There are always some hardy souls who commit to watching every match. With more matches, and 3AM as one of the regular kick-off times, that will be a bigger challenge then ever before. I wouldn’t say I’m a big football fan. But I do always look forward to the big sporting events of the summer. Be it a world cup, Olympics, Wimbledon, Tour de France, or just the simple pleasure of lying in the garden listening to Test Match Special. One tradition associated with the world cup and the Olympics is the last minute scramble to get the stadiums built. I never heard much about it this year. I think they are using existing stadia. But whether it was the Olympics in London or the world cup in Brazil, there are often stories in the news speculating that they won’t be ready in time. You could be forgiven for wondering why they don’t just start the whole process earlier. It turns out that FIFA did try that back in the 70s. In 1973, the 1986 world cup was awarded to Columbia, giving them 13 years to get ready for it. But, by 1983, it was apparent that even 13 years wasn’t long enough to get everything built, so the tournament was moved to Mexico, who had hosted in 1970 and so already had stadiums in place. I say 13 years wasn’t long enough, but there is another school of thought that says it was too long. Can you imagine working to a deadline 13 years in the future? Many of you weren’t even born 13 years ago. A deadline in the far distance is like not having a deadline at all. ‘Take as long as you need to build your stadiums, Columbia. Make them perfect. There is no rush’ That is the message they were given. I put it to you this morning that deadlines are important and necessary. And while it may often seem that we could have done a better job if only we had a bit more time, that is often simply not the case. I was sent down this line of thinking by listening to a book review on the radio last week. The book is called ‘Inside the Box’, and the author proposes that, far from hindering creativity and innovation, deadlines and other constraints have been a necessary part of inventions and creative thinking since the start of time. These might be natural constraints of weather and seasons, or man-made restrictions like coursework deadlines. One story in the book is that of Dmitri Mendeleev, creator of the periodic table of the elements. Most of you will be familiar with the slightly odd structure of the periodic table, with different numbers of elements in various columns. Legend has it that this structure came to Mendeleev in a dream, and he sprung from his bed to scribble it down on a scrap of paper before he forgot it. The truth is that this dream happened the night before the deadline his publisher had given him. Is this a coincidence, or an example of cause and effect. One way that deadlines could be considered bad is that you might genuinely be left with insufficient time to make something perfect. But ask yourself this, is it better to do something well in the time available, or aim for perfection and never get it done at all. Most people don’t have the luxury of being able to devote their whole life to one single project. Most of us are always spinning several plates, and only have a finite amount of time to devote to each. Each of you will have faced this recently when preparing for your exams. Much as you wanted to practice more Maths, you had to devote some time to English or History, and you might have had cricket matches or music lessons to fit in as well. You might say that the ultimate building project was the creation of the world. Now, I am aware that modern science suggests that the world was not created on quite the timescale that is recounted in the Bible, but I’ve asked Kort to read us the final stages of the biblical creation story as I think there is a useful lesson in it for us all. We pick up the story at the start of the 6th day, by which time God has already created night and day, sea and sky, land, plants and animals. So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them. 28 God blessed them and said to them, “Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky and over every living creature that moves on the ground.” 29 Then God said, “I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food. 30 And to all the beasts of the earth and all the birds in the sky and all the creatures that move along the ground—everything that has the breath of life in it—I give every green plant for food.” And it was so. 31 God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning—the sixth day. Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array. 2 By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested from all his work. 3 Then God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work of creating that he had done. Thank you Kort. What I really want you to notice in that story are 2 things. Firstly, God seems to have been working to quite a tight timetable, seemingly self-imposed. After all, who was going to hold him to account if he finished the job late? Secondly, when he saw all that he had made, it was very good. Now, we all know from our report cards at Norwich School that very good is very good, but it is not perfect, or even Outstanding. You might have thought that God would not rest until he had made his world perfect. But of course we know we don’t live in a perfect world. We do live in beautiful world containing dolphins, penguins and elephants, mountains, oceans and cathedrals. But it does also contain wasps, rain, and exams, and sadly much worse things than those. Even though God had a rest day at his disposal, he still stuck to the timetable and left the world as it was at the end of day 6. It was, after all, very good. I think there is a lesson here for all of us. When given something to do, whether it is a piece of homework, an art project, or performing in a concert, we should acknowledge at the outset that our goal is to make it as good as we can in the time available, rather than always aiming for absolute perfection. And we should also acknowledge that it is simply human nature that we will work more diligently towards that goal if the deadline is close. I’m sure your teachers may have encouraged you to start revising ages before the exams, to spread it out and take the pressure off. This is good advice, but I also know that those same teachers will struggle to follow their own advice when it comes to writing your reports. Deadlines can be scary, and sometimes they can feel restrictive. But they do help us to get stuff done that otherwise may well never get done. I finish with a quote from the legendary jazz musician Duke Ellington. When asked by his producer how much longer he needed to finish his next song, Ellington replied: “I don’t need time, I need a deadline”.
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