Dr Richardson on the changing of the seasons

May 24, 2024

You may recall that on the first Friday of this term, Rev Child talked about playing the long game. His example on that occasion was the Easter story, when Jesus accepted his impending crucifixion, knowing that good things would happen 3 days later.


Far be it from me to find fault with the chaplain, but I would suggest that 3 days isn’t a particularly long game at all.

It so happens that on the evening of that assembly, I went to a talk that Mr Pearson told me about. It was all about a man who started something in 1739 that continues to this day, nearly 300 years later.



The man in question was Robert Marsham. He lived in the village of Stratton Strawless, just a few miles north of Norwich, and is known today as the Father of Phenology. 


What is phenology? I hear you ask.

Phenology is essentially the study of seasons. In particular in Robert Marsham’s case, he recorded the arrival of Spring in Stratton Strawless every year from 1739 until he died in 1797. This record was then continued by his son, then his grandson, and the records continued until 1958.


Back in the 1700s, such a record was quite unique. In more modern times, other people have kept similar records all around the world, and this branch of science has acquired the name Phenology.


So how does one record the arrival of spring? It is one of those things that is perhaps not as simple as it sounds. Is it when the first swallow returns from Africa? Is it when the first leaves appear on trees? Is it when daffodils or bluebells appear? Robert Marsham recorded all of these things. In fact he recorded 27 indicators of spring, including various species of trees, insects, flowers and birds.

 

For example, in 1745, the first swallow appeared on April 3rd, turnips flowered on April 8th, the first cuckoo called on April 22nd, and the Hawthorn flowered on May 13th.


Marsham recorded signs like these year, ….after year, ……after year. And you can find these records online today. For the L6 mathematicians among you, it’s like an 18th century Large Data Set.


While recording these things once or twice may be a nice thing to do, it is really only the longevity of the records that makes Marsham’s records so impressive and useful to science.


 To take just one example, Marsham first recorded the appearance of oak leaves in 1749. In the first 5 years of his records, the dates were April 22nd, March 31st, April 25th, April 20th, and May 11th.


Fast forward to 2024, and over the past 5 years the dates have been April 2nd, April 9th, March 30th, April 14th and March 27th.


There are two things to notice here. Firstly, the 2 sets of dates have considerable overlap. In the 1700s, oak leaves appeared in April, or thereabouts, and that is still true today.


Secondly, there is considerable variability from one year to the next, with the dates regularly changing by 2 weeks or more from one year to the next. This natural variability makes it hard to detect real changes. This is where you need to average the results over many years.


If you do that, you find that if you take 30 year averages throughout the 1700s, 1800s, even up to 1950, the average date was consistently about the 25th of April. But over the last 30 years, the average date has been the 4th of April.

It might not seem like it every year, but spring is getting earlier, and the reason we know this is because of long term observations of enthusiasts like Robert Marsham.

 

This morning’s reading is about the events of Pentecost, which was celebrated in churches around the world last Sunday. It is when the Holy Spirit is said to have come down from heaven and infused Jesus’s followers with the passion and the necessary skills to spread the good news of Jesus Christ around the world, including the ability to speak to lots of different people in their own language.


It tells us that Jesus’s death and resurrection are not the end of the story. The world did not get made perfect on that Easter Day 2000 years ago. Sadly as we know, lots of terrible things have happened, and continue to happen since then. The goal of creating a peaceful world full of kindness and love is one that continues to require the constant efforts of millions of good people.


 Is it a completely unrealistic goal? You might very well think so. But does that mean that we might as well give up and stop trying? Of course not.


This time of year brings an end point to several aspects of life. Man City are champions, again. Ipswich are up in the top flight for the first time in all of your lifetimes, while Norwich missed out in the playoffs.


But of course this isn’t really the end. Ipswich will inevitably come straight back down again, while Norwich are looking for the right manager to make sure they get promoted next year.


Similarly, you have all sat, or will soon sit your end of year exams. While they might seem like an end in themselves, most of you will continue with the same subjects next year, and will look back on these exams as another learning experience, and a stepping stone to great things in the future.

 

So, next time you suffer a bit of bad luck, or do something you regret, I encourage you to try to take the long-term view. Nobody ever gets through life without slipping up along the way, or suffering a disappointment. The apostles weren’t perfect. Peter denied knowing Jesus, Judas betrayed him, and Thomas refused to believe he had risen. They didn’t always do the right thing, but the church they started (while still not perfect itself) is still helping people and spreading love around the world 2000 years later.


Going back to Robert Marsham, to say he recorded the arrival of Spring every year is not quite true. There are gaps in his record. Some years we know he was overseas, and who knows – maybe some years he just got fed up with it and couldn’t be bothered. But in the context of a record that spans centuries, you can afford the odd gap. Without being perfect, his records provide a unique insight into the natural world and the impacts of climate change.


I encourage you to take notice of the world around you, what changes and what stays the same. If the world of phenology has sparked your interest, a project that you might like to try is to take a photo of something every month for a year. It could be your garden, your street, or just an individual plant or animal. You might be amazed at the changes you see as the 4 seasons pass by. And once you start, you don’t have to stop after 1 year.

 

I’ll finish with a prayer for our natural world, written by Graham Usher, Bishop of Norwich, who is also the Church of England’s lead Bishop on the Environment.

 

God of life,
we praise you for the beauty of creation,
its richness and variety;
yet, through greed and ignorance,
we scar your world with plastic waste
and throw so much away.
Make us more like Jesus,
treading gently on our common home,
and breathe your Spirit on us,
that we may care more deeply for your Earth.
We ask this through Jesus Christ our Lord.
Amen.

 

Would you please stand.

As we go our separate ways for our half term break, and Irish blessing to send you on your way.

May the road rise to meet you,
May the wind be always at your back.
May the sun shine warm upon your face,
And the rains fall soft upon your fields.
And until we meet again,
May God hold you in the palm of his hand.

Amen

By Eleanor Lewis June 12, 2026
On Thursday 11 June, Lower 3 immersed themselves in their India Case Study with a vibrant, fun-filled hands‑on celebration of culture. Throughout the afternoon, they explored Bollywood dance, experimented with colourful Indian art, and learned about traditional clothing and adornments. The finale to their afternoon was a joyful performance wearing saris, bindis, ghungroo bells and other cultural accessories, bringing their Geography learning to life with energy and creativity.
By Eleanor Lewis June 12, 2026
Over 600 artworks by Norfolk primary schoolchildren go on display at the Crypt Gallery, Norwich School from 15th – 20th June 2026.
By Eleanor Lewis June 12, 2026
Good morning everyone. Do please sit down. And a very warm welcome to all of the new L4 pupils joining us this morning for their first cathedral assembly. So, the world cup started last night. Could I have a quick show of hands. Who watched the first match - Mexico v South Africa? A better test of world cup fever is - Who watched the second match? South Korea v Czech Republic at 3AM? There are always some hardy souls who commit to watching every match. With more matches, and 3AM as one of the regular kick-off times, that will be a bigger challenge then ever before. I wouldn’t say I’m a big football fan. But I do always look forward to the big sporting events of the summer. Be it a world cup, Olympics, Wimbledon, Tour de France, or just the simple pleasure of lying in the garden listening to Test Match Special. One tradition associated with the world cup and the Olympics is the last minute scramble to get the stadiums built. I never heard much about it this year. I think they are using existing stadia. But whether it was the Olympics in London or the world cup in Brazil, there are often stories in the news speculating that they won’t be ready in time. You could be forgiven for wondering why they don’t just start the whole process earlier. It turns out that FIFA did try that back in the 70s. In 1973, the 1986 world cup was awarded to Columbia, giving them 13 years to get ready for it. But, by 1983, it was apparent that even 13 years wasn’t long enough to get everything built, so the tournament was moved to Mexico, who had hosted in 1970 and so already had stadiums in place. I say 13 years wasn’t long enough, but there is another school of thought that says it was too long. Can you imagine working to a deadline 13 years in the future? Many of you weren’t even born 13 years ago. A deadline in the far distance is like not having a deadline at all. ‘Take as long as you need to build your stadiums, Columbia. Make them perfect. There is no rush’ That is the message they were given. I put it to you this morning that deadlines are important and necessary. And while it may often seem that we could have done a better job if only we had a bit more time, that is often simply not the case. I was sent down this line of thinking by listening to a book review on the radio last week. The book is called ‘Inside the Box’, and the author proposes that, far from hindering creativity and innovation, deadlines and other constraints have been a necessary part of inventions and creative thinking since the start of time. These might be natural constraints of weather and seasons, or man-made restrictions like coursework deadlines. One story in the book is that of Dmitri Mendeleev, creator of the periodic table of the elements. Most of you will be familiar with the slightly odd structure of the periodic table, with different numbers of elements in various columns. Legend has it that this structure came to Mendeleev in a dream, and he sprung from his bed to scribble it down on a scrap of paper before he forgot it. The truth is that this dream happened the night before the deadline his publisher had given him. Is this a coincidence, or an example of cause and effect. One way that deadlines could be considered bad is that you might genuinely be left with insufficient time to make something perfect. But ask yourself this, is it better to do something well in the time available, or aim for perfection and never get it done at all. Most people don’t have the luxury of being able to devote their whole life to one single project. Most of us are always spinning several plates, and only have a finite amount of time to devote to each. Each of you will have faced this recently when preparing for your exams. Much as you wanted to practice more Maths, you had to devote some time to English or History, and you might have had cricket matches or music lessons to fit in as well. You might say that the ultimate building project was the creation of the world. Now, I am aware that modern science suggests that the world was not created on quite the timescale that is recounted in the Bible, but I’ve asked Kort to read us the final stages of the biblical creation story as I think there is a useful lesson in it for us all. We pick up the story at the start of the 6th day, by which time God has already created night and day, sea and sky, land, plants and animals. So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them. 28 God blessed them and said to them, “Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky and over every living creature that moves on the ground.” 29 Then God said, “I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food. 30 And to all the beasts of the earth and all the birds in the sky and all the creatures that move along the ground—everything that has the breath of life in it—I give every green plant for food.” And it was so. 31 God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning—the sixth day. Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array. 2 By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested from all his work. 3 Then God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work of creating that he had done. Thank you Kort. What I really want you to notice in that story are 2 things. Firstly, God seems to have been working to quite a tight timetable, seemingly self-imposed. After all, who was going to hold him to account if he finished the job late? Secondly, when he saw all that he had made, it was very good. Now, we all know from our report cards at Norwich School that very good is very good, but it is not perfect, or even Outstanding. You might have thought that God would not rest until he had made his world perfect. But of course we know we don’t live in a perfect world. We do live in beautiful world containing dolphins, penguins and elephants, mountains, oceans and cathedrals. But it does also contain wasps, rain, and exams, and sadly much worse things than those. Even though God had a rest day at his disposal, he still stuck to the timetable and left the world as it was at the end of day 6. It was, after all, very good. I think there is a lesson here for all of us. When given something to do, whether it is a piece of homework, an art project, or performing in a concert, we should acknowledge at the outset that our goal is to make it as good as we can in the time available, rather than always aiming for absolute perfection. And we should also acknowledge that it is simply human nature that we will work more diligently towards that goal if the deadline is close. I’m sure your teachers may have encouraged you to start revising ages before the exams, to spread it out and take the pressure off. This is good advice, but I also know that those same teachers will struggle to follow their own advice when it comes to writing your reports. Deadlines can be scary, and sometimes they can feel restrictive. But they do help us to get stuff done that otherwise may well never get done. I finish with a quote from the legendary jazz musician Duke Ellington. When asked by his producer how much longer he needed to finish his next song, Ellington replied: “I don’t need time, I need a deadline”.
By Eleanor Lewis June 10, 2026
The Upper 3's deepened their understanding of world religions during a special session with a guest speaker who introduced them to the origins and teachings of Buddhism. They were especially engaged by the emphasis on mindfulness and enjoyed practising simple meditation techniques to help focus and calm the mind. 
By Eleanor Lewis June 8, 2026
The Lower School Chamber Choir recently enjoyed a wonderful musical collaboration, welcoming their friends from Boucher School from London for a special afternoon choir workshop. The session was filled with energy, enthusiasm and creativity, as the children worked together to learn a selection of new songs, including Only You , Scarborough Fair , and Count on Me by Bruno Mars. Guided by three talented choir leaders, the pupils embraced the opportunity to develop their vocal skills, build confidence and experience the joy of singing as part of a larger ensemble. One of the highlights of the day was the chance to work with different choir leaders, each bringing their own unique style and expertise. The children responded brilliantly, showing focus, teamwork and a genuine love of music throughout the workshop. The day culminated in a special concert held in the Senior School Chapel, where the combined choirs performed to an enthusiastic and supportive audience. The performance was a true celebration of the hard work and dedication shown by all involved, and the Chapel was filled with uplifting harmonies and smiles. Head of Music, Mr Vine, praised the event, saying: “A wonderful afternoon and evening with some fantastic music making. Well done to Boucher School and the Lower School Chamber Choir for all their hard work, and a big thank you to our fantastic choir leaders.” It was a memorable experience for everyone involved, and a shining example of the power of music to bring people together.
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The Lower 5 Battlefields Trip continues be a highlight of the History Department's calendar. This year we took 72 pupils on a First World War journey of discovery that was both exciting and moving. Our itinerary included two days around Ypres in Belgium and a third day walking the Somme battlefield in France. Along the way, we heard the extraordinary stories of some of those who lost their lives in the war, we came to appreciate the scale, terrain and challenges faced by the soldiers, and we saw for ourselves their trenches and equipment. We performed acts of remembrance for Old Norvicensians whose graves we visited, and after three busy days were buzzing with discussion and a desire to explore further, encouraged by four extremely skilled and knowledgeable guides who brought it all to life for us.  Amongst all the history, we also made sure we had time for chocolate shopping in the beautiful town of Ypres.
By Eleanor Lewis June 8, 2026
On Monday 8 June, the UCAS team accompanied by Sixth Form tutors took the Lower 6 to the Norwich UCAS Convention to continue their journey of exploring their future after Norwich School. With over 100 universities present, our pupils could speak directly with university representatives and find out more about courses, entry requirements, halls of residences and student life. The convention also allows our pupils to see how many others want to go to university as well as learning more about different universities from Dundee to Exeter as well as about degree apprenticeships. Our pupils are now starting to get all the information they need to apply successfully in the autumn. We encourage them to go out on Open Days to see the universities at first hand and later in the month, there will be more guidance on filling out the UCAS form and how to write the important personal statement. Norwich School’s successful record with university applications over many years Is a key part of our Sixth Form offer.
By Eleanor Lewis June 5, 2026
The ‘Making Musicians’ Music Scholars’ Programme at Norwich School is well established and a jewel in the school’s crown. Occasionally, external professionals are enticed to join us to give a breathtaking masterclass to provide real inspiration to young scholars. On 05 June 2026, we had just such a concert given by Hannah Watson Emmrich, local musician and amazingly talented pianist. She guided a very supportive audience through her new album Notes from the Undergrowth at a concert held in the glorious school Chapel. This album of piano music was being launched at the event. A very intelligently choreographed programme commenced with piano works evoking daybreak and idyllic woodland scenes, followed by an exploration of some of the flora and fauna lurking in the under-canopy, before moving into melancholic pieces reminiscent of sunset (such as nightingales) and finally the peace of nightfall (nocturnes, night moths etc). Alternating astonishing technical excellence and powerful storytelling, Hannah evoked the myriad sounds and sensations of woodland in her performance. Included in her repertoire were three newly commissioned pieces and the audience included Joshua Borin who had composed one of the works called Crex (conjuring up the creepy world of slime mould in music - yes, really!) Our Music Scholars were in attendance and learned much from Hannah’s keyboard mastery and from her achingly beautiful programme of music. We all wish the album a positive reception. See: Notes from the undergrowth | Hannah Watson Emmrich . Heartfelt thanks go to Hannah for such an accomplished performance and to our very appreciative audience who left the Chapel enthralled.
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Recently Pre-Reception and Upper One pupils had an enriching experience observing the peregrine falcons which live on the spire of Norwich Cathedral. They visited the Watchpoint, a viewing station run by the Hawk and Owl trust and learned that the falcon pair currently have two chicks. Pupils were able to view both parent birds bringing food to the chick, and they had the opportunity to watch them being fed close-up, through telescopes. Using binoculars, they also observed the various other birds that live in and around the Cathedral Close. Pupils also examined models of different birds of prey, such as a kestrel and a hobby, noticing how they are adapted to catch their prey. To complete their visit, the children had fun trying on model wings of various UK birds of prey and even tested them out by going on a short 'flight' around the Lower Close. Thanks to the Hawk and Owl Trust for providing pupils with this excellent encounter with the fascinating wildlife that we share the Cathedral Close with.
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In the last DofE year (April to April), 21 pupils have achieved their Gold DofE , 18 having started at Bronze. A DofE Gold award is highly regarded by universities and employers. To achieve the award, participants must undertake the usual 3 sections of volunteering, physical and skill, two for 12 months and the third for 6 months. If they have not achieved Silver, they must undertake one 12-month section for a further 6 months - 18 months for that section. They must complete a practice expedition and then the qualifying expedition, both of 4 days and 3 nights. They must also complete the extra residential Gold section, Going away for 5 days, staying in shared accommodation to undertake an activity with people they haven't met before. Having achieved their award, they are invited to attend a Gold Award Celebration at Buckingham Palace. At the time of writing, 7 Award holders have attended, 2 in the rain and 5 in the May heatwave! Congratulations to them and all Gold award holders.
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